(1) This could be tested by comparing winter social systems and degree to which sex ratios are skewed in sexually monomorphic species versus sexually dimorphic species.(2) The model is applicable more generally in species that have dimorphic males, such as some other ants, bees, and fig wasps.(3) The ontogeny and dimorphic features of many early Middle Ordovician ostracode species are still poorly known.(4) In Drosophila, one of the most evident dimorphic traits is represented by the body size, with males being smaller than females.(5) Several pieces of direct and indirect evidence suggest that dimorphic sex chromosomes have evolved from an originally homologous pair of chromosomes.(6) I then present a formal model for the evolution of recombination dimorphism on autosomes and on sex chromosomes.(7) However, the degree of dimorphism in some clades of mammals, including perissodactyls, does not correlate with the degree of polygyny.(8) Thus, general patterns relating variation in male and female reproductive success to sexual size dimorphism in mammals remain unclear.(9) Sex chromosomes in M. violaceum were identified by the cosegregation of mating type and chromosome dimorphism and by mating-type-specific markers.(10) We used the relative degree of sexual size dimorphism in taxa as an approximate indicator of relative strength of sexual selection in this study.
